Effect of intercropping on weed suppression and maize zea. Effect of soybean cultivars on striga emergence and yield of the subsequent maize crop. Nigeria is the second largest maize producer in africa, after south africa, with an estimated 10. Maize has been shown to be sensitive to weed infestation in the first four 4 weeks after planting onochie, 1975 and for cassava 812 weeks after planting. List of herbicides used for weed control on maize farm. Msv disease reduced yield and growth in all years, but varieties differed significantly in amount of loss, disease severity and incidence. Land preparation use any method mechanical, chemical and manual that can adequately remove weeds and keep the soil loose for good seedbed. Weeds compete with the crop of interest for growth factors including nutrients, moisture and space, and may completely suppress the crop if uncontrolled. Accepted 26 june, 2015 weed management strategies differed in weed control rate and this influenced crop performance. The study also found that adoption of improved maize varieties reduced the incidence, depth and severity of food insecurity among farming households in the study area. A field experiment was conducted at botswana college of agriculture garden to investigate the effects intercropping maize and cowpeas on the performance of maize and cowpeas. Field trials on the effects of variety, crop arrangement and period of weed interference on the performance of maize grown in mixture were conducted at the institute for agricultural research farm, samaru 11011 n. The effect of density and nitrogen fertilizer on the. Adoption, improved seeds, food security, gwoza, nigeria.
If property done, chemical methods of weed control are usually very effective. More often than not, however, successful weed control requires the combination or sequential use of several. Pdf weed infestation, growth and yield of maize zea mays l. Pdf maize zea mays is a major important cereal being cultivated in the rainforest and the derived savannah zones of nigeria. In developing countries, maize is consumed directly and serves as staple diet for some 200 million people. Many studies have shown the usefulness of herbicides for weed control in maize 5, 6, 7.
Evaluation of selected postemergence herbicides for weed. The effect of weed control treatments for long season control of weeds in maize under zero and minimum tillage was evaluated at samara in northern nigeria. Maize production in nigeria is seriously constrained by weed infestation. Weed infestation is one of the major constraints for low yield of maize. Maize production in nigeria is by far one of the most interesting, easytostart and most lucrative type of agribusiness you can ever lay your hands on. This will shock you first corporate farmers market in nigeria which market in. Department of agronomy institute of agriculture and animal science tribhuwan university nepal introduction maize zea mays l. Effect of tillage methods on weed control and maize. Other hypotheses called minor in the sense that they have had little effect upon the thinking and experimentation concerned idth the origin of maize are. Effect of different weed control practices on proximate. Characteristics effects of weed on growth performance. One effect of labor shortage is that more land on the farm is left fallow.
Without it, the livestock farmer will probably be unable to rear his livestock. The effects of maizepumpkin and maizebean intercropping and, narrow. Maize is one of the most commonly eaten crops in nigeria and other parts of africa. Growing maize in nigeria choice of land any well drained sandy loam or loamy soil can be used for planting maize but if in doubt, contact your nearest extension office or agroservice center. Effect of tillage, cover crop and crop rotation on the. Selective herbicides control a specific type of weed, while nonselective herbicides control all kind of weeds. Corralling, planting density, and n fertilizer rate effect. Important weeds in maize article university of pretoria. Maize also forms the basis for the production for most animal feeds in nigeria. Effects of variety, crop arrangement and period of weed. Effect of weed management strategies on maize yield semantic. Effects of intercropping on the performance of maize and. Effect of intercropping with maize on weed diversity in. A weed is any plant growing in a wrong place, usually considered undesirable.
It is estimated that about 15 per cent of nigerias current maize produce goes for industrial use, due to its high starch content. Effect of weed management strategies on maize yield. Reduction in grain yield of maize due to weed infestation ranged from 40 to 60 per cent depending upon the intensity and types of weed flora. The experiment was conducted at teaching and research farm of.
During early phases of growth, weed competition is very sensitive to maize 25. Increase in percentage of harvest index as compared to weedy check may be attributed to adequate suppression of weed growth due to some residual effect as well and more availability of plant nutrients to maize crop, which favored better utilization of photoassimilates for grain yield formation abdullahi et al. Material and methods in order to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield component of maize an experiment was carried out at at research station of islamic azad university of miandoab in 2012. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of weeds on the growth and yield of maize, and to determine the best time and frequency of weeding to get an optimum yield. The densitydependent effects on weed biomass reported by akobundu. The experiment was carried out by the kwara state agricultural development project kwadp ilorin, during three. Grain sa, 2014 successful cultivation of maize depends largely on. To assess the response of the two maize variety on weed control methods. Environmental issues agricultural industry agricultural research agricultural systems innovations beans environmental aspects corn cropping systems legumes mimosaceae sustainable. Weed control methods handbook, the nature conservancy, tu et al.
This handbook is divided into eight chapters, covering a range of different control methods. Response of corn genotypes to weed interference and nitrogen in nigeria. Weed density the effect of weed control practices on weed density of maize is presented in table2. Effects of adoption of improved maize seed on household. Weed infestation, growth and yield of maize zea mays l. Weeds affect maize by competing for nutrients, light, water and space. Maize zea mays, which is the third most important cereal crop of the world, is an important dual purpose crop used in human diet and animal feed. Manual demanejo e controleve plantasdaminhas, bento goncalves pp. Weeds have many attributes undesirable to crop producers, not the least being the ability to reduce crop yields through competition for. In developed countries, maize is consumed mainly as secondcycle produce, in the form of meat, eggs and dairy products. The starch obtained from maize is processed into several additives, agents and ingredients such as sorbic acid, sorbitol, dextrine, and lactic acid. To compare the economic benefit of different weed control methods at the two localities.
Seed weevil usually attacks he ripe pods in the field and seeds in the store. In the case of maize, the selective broadleaf herbicide is used because maize crop belongs to the grass family so any herbicide to be applied must be friendly to grasses but injurious to broadleaf weeds. Herbicides may be applied to the soil directly to the shoots of the weeds. Field experiments were conducted from 1989 to 1991 at ibadan, nigeria, to assess effects of maize streak virus msv disease on growth and yield of maize varieties having different levels of disease resistance. The treatments were sole maize crop, sole cowpea crop, intercrop 1 spacing of 40 cm between of maize and cowpea and intercrop 2 spacing of 30 cm between maize and cowpea served as treatments.
Farz 27, a highyield maize variety, was grown in 1984 and 1985 over a wide range of density treatments 19 111 plantsm 2 and with four rates of nitrogen application 0, 75, 100 and 150 kg nha in ibadan. Maize zea mays, which is the third most important cereal crop of the world, is an important. Abstract maize zea mays, which is the third most important cereal crop of the world, is an important dual purpose crop used in human diet and animal feed. The production of meat, eggs and dairy products like milk and yoghurt would be difficult without maize, which is a hugely important ingredient in animal feed. Therefore, weed control in maize fields is very essential in obtaining good harvest. An experiment was conducted at the institute of agricultural research and training, moorplantation, ibadan in 2006 and 2007, to compare four weed management strategies in maize farms. Among the weed control treatments evaluated, soil ridging plus application of either 2,4d or atrazine at 1. To determine the effects of duration of weed interference on maize growth and yield.
In nigeria, atrazine, nicosulfuron and 24 d are popular postemergence herbicides used. Nigeria during the 2000 and 2001 cropping seasons to evaluate the influence of four tillage methods on weed control and maize performance. The effect of cropping patterns on weed infestation. Characteristics effects of weed on growth performance and. Assessment of weed control methods for maize production by. Nigeria abstract the interaction effect of stocking density of sheep and goat corralling sdsg, maize planting density mpd, and n fertilizer rate nfr on soil properties, weed diversity, and maize yield were evaluated onfarm in a smallholder maizelivestock farming system of northern ghana during the 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. Effect of weed control methods and variety on yield performance of maize zea mays l. In nigeria, yield losses due to weed vary between 40 and 100% depending among other things on type of crops, type of weeds and weed density fadayomi, 1991. Effect of intercropping on weed suppression and maize zea mays l.
Approximately 1012 million tons of maize is produced in south africa annually on moreorless 2. Effect of tillage methods on weed control and maize performance in southwestern nigeria location. Effect of tillage, cover crop and crop rotation on the composition of weed flora in a sandy soil. To determine the effect of different weed control methods on maize yields of emerging farmers at two localities in the north west province. Effects of some postemergence herbicides on growth and yield of maize was studied at rainforest, 7 16 n, 5 12 e and rainforestsavanna transition 7 31 n, 5 45 e agroecological zones of nigeria.
Therefore, the aim of this study is to determine the effect of weed infestation on the growth and development of maize. No other crop utilises sunlight more effectively than maize, and its yield per ha is the highest of all grain crops. Nigerian journal of agriculture, food and environment. Maize is the second most cultivated crop in nigeria in terms of area harvested 5. Manual control of thorny mimosa mimosa invisa in cassava manihot. Paper open access effect of maize sweet potato intercrop. Striga is a parasitic weed commonly found in both cereals and legumes, reducing yield between 80100%. Evaluation of some weed control treatments for long season.
Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on yield component of maize. Nairaland forum nairaland general agriculture maize market in nigeria 7331 views have you ever seen black maize before. The number of kernel rows may vary between four and 40, depending on the variety. To identify the most competitive or problematic weed species at two localities in the north west province. Improving weed management and crop productivity in maize. The experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of weeds on the growth and yield of maize, and to determine the best time and. Weed infestation accounted for 66% reduction in maize yield in weedy control compared. Weeds reduce crop yield by competing for light, water, nutrients and carbon dioxide. Currently almost half of the production consists of white maize, for human food consumption source. This project work is based on the analysis of an experiment where this effect of weed control method tested on the gain yield of maize. Effect of weed control methods and variety on yield. The weed density differed significantly p maize production agricultural research council.
David chikoye, friday ekeleme, ayeoffe fontem lum and steffen schulz, legumemaize rotation and nitrogen effects on weed performance in the humid and subhumid tropics of west africa, crop protection, 27, 3. The detrimental effect of weeds on maize is very dramatic as maize is not known to be able to compete. These are used in the manufacture of common household items such. Orija department of plant physiology and crop production, federal university of agriculture abeokuta, abeokuta, nigeria. Olorunmaiye, patience mojibade 1 and olorunmaiye, kehinde. Effect of intercropping with maize on weed diversity in cassava patience m. Impact of weed interference on growth and yield of maize zea mays.
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